双宾语与复合宾语的被动
带双宾语或宾补的句子变被动时，改法各不相同。
give sb. sth. → sb. is given sth. / sth. is given to sb.
要点
- 双宾语变被动，间接宾语或直接宾语都能作主语，因此有两种改法。
- 直接宾语作主语时，间接宾语前面要补 to 或 for。
- 复合宾语变被动时只把宾语提前，宾补留在后面当主语补足语。
- 使役/感官动词在主动里省略的 to，变被动后要补回来。
- 两组双宾语各自丢不同的介词：give / send / show / pass 这一组改过后保住 to，buy / make / cook / get 那一组保住 for —— A glass of water was brought to me. ／ A cake was made for me.
- keep / make / leave 后面那个宾补变被动时不跟着提前，形容词或 -ing 都留在动词后面：The door was left open. ／ The children were kept waiting outside. —— 别把 open 错写成 to open，也别把 waiting 弄丢。
- "人称 + think / believe + 宾补"也能整个转被动，且 to be 常省：He is thought (to be) the best player here. —— 与「is said to do」那一式同族。
例句
I was given a book by him.
他给了我一本书。
A book was given to me.
有人给了我一本书。
He was made captain of the team.
他被选为队长。
He was seen to enter the room.
有人看见他进了房间。
These tickets were booked for us by the agency.
这些票是旅行社替我们订的。
The patients were kept waiting outside for an hour.
病人们被叫在外面等了一个钟头。
易错提示
- 直接宾语作主语时别忘了 to / for，少了句子就不通。
- 主动里省掉 to 的 make / see / hear，一变被动就要补上 to。
- 宾补不是宾语，不能提前：They made him captain 只能变成 He was made captain，写成 Captain was made him 是把宾补当宾语提了。