指示代词 this / that / these / those
近指用 this，远指用 that；单数复数各配各的。
this / that + 单数名词 these / those + 复数名词
要点
- this / these 指近处，或指下面要说的事。
- that / those 指远处，或指上文刚说过的事。
- this / that 后接单数名词，these / those 后接复数名词。
- 打电话时介绍自己用 This is…，问对方用 Is that…?
- this / that 还能指代上文整件事：He forgot my birthday, and that made me angry.
- this 多指现在或刚说到的，that 多指过去或较远的：I was busy that day.
- 回答 this / that 的提问用 it，回答 these / those 的提问用 they：What are these? — They are stamps.
- 比较句里 that / those 代替「前面那个名词」，避免重复：The weather here is warmer than that in my hometown.
例句
This is my friend Tom.
这是我的朋友汤姆。
These are my parents.
这些是我的父母。
Those are my grandparents.
那些是我的祖父母。
That is wonderful!
那太好了！
Mom, this is my friend Tom.
妈妈，这是我朋友汤姆。
The weather here is drier than that in my hometown.
这里的气候比我家乡干燥。
易错提示
- 回答 What is this? 要说 It is…，不用 This is…
- these / those 后面的名词必须是复数形式。
- than 后面用 that（代替 weather 这层意思），用 it 就变成「同一个东西」，意思完全错了。
- 介绍人在场用 this，不用 he / she：Mom, this is my friend Tom.（初次见面固定这么说的）