就近原则
谓语与最靠近它的那个名词保持一致。
There is a pen and two books.(贴近 is 的是 a pen)
要点
- or、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also 连接主语时,谓语就近。
- there be 句型里多个名词并列,也遵循就近原则。
- 谓语的单复数由最靠近它的那个名词决定。
- 疑问句把 be 提前之后,依然看后面的名词。
- 别把就近扩到 and 那一头:and 与 both…and 永远用复数,走进就近的只有老要点列出的那几个连接词再加上 there be。
- 两个人称不一样时也照就近,be 跟着离它最近的那个走:Either you or I am on duty today.(am 跟着 I,不跟着 you)
- not only…but also 里挨着谓语的是 but also 后面那一块,所以单复跟着它走;not only 真要提到句首,句子还得倒装 —— 倒装那一格归「特殊句式与虚拟语气」。
例句
There is a lamp on the desk.
书桌上有一盏灯。
There are many kinds of animals.
有很多种动物。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
Either you or he is wrong.
要么你错,要么他错。
There are four chairs and a table in the room.
房间里有四把椅子和一张桌子。
Not only the parents but also their son wants to go.
不只父母,他们儿子也想去。
易错提示
- 记住「就近」两个字:谓语跟着最近的那个名词走。
- there be 里最常考:There is a book and two pens.
- there be 里把两个名词换个顺序,be 就跟着换个样子,说的还是同一堆东西。
- 就近与就前各管一片:with / as well as 那一串只看前面那个主语,or / neither…nor 这一串才就近 —— 判它先看中间站的是哪个词。