特殊疑问句
疑问词开头,问具体信息,不能用 yes / no 回答。
疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序
要点
- what / who / whose / which 用来问事物、人、所属、选择。
- when / where / why / how 用来问时间、地点、原因、方式。
- 结构是「疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序」。
- how 家族:how old、how many、how much、how often、how long。
- which 与 what 分工不同:范围里挑一个用 which(Which bus goes to the station? / Which of the two maps is clearer?),不限范围问"什么"用 what。
- 回答 why 最常见的是带 because 的从句,但也能直接说一句事实(Why were you late? — The bus was late.)—— 这一格与「从属连词」那条相认:光一个 because 起头、后面没有主句,正式书面里不算一句完整的话。
- how 家族里问频度的、问时长的、问"多久之后"的各有答法:how often 答 once a week、how long 答 for two hours、how soon 答 in two days(对将来的事)。
例句
Where are you from?
你来自哪里?
When is your birthday?
你的生日是什么时候?
Why do you like pandas?
你为什么喜欢熊猫?
How do you spell it?
你怎么拼写它?
Which of the two maps is clearer?
两张地图里哪一张更清楚?
How soon can you finish it?
你还要多久能把它做完?
易错提示
- 疑问词本身作主语时语序不变:Who is on duty today?(不是 Who does…)
- how many 接可数复数,how much 接不可数名词。
- 疑问词本身做主语时语序照旧(Who is on duty today?);但疑问词落在从句里就得走陈述语序:I do not know what he means. —— 问句倒装,从句不倒装。
- how long 问"持续多久"时,若这一段还没结束,句子要落成完成类时态:How long have you lived here? — For six years. —— 这一段已经过完了才改用过去时(How long did you live there? Two years.)。