-ing / -ed 形容词辨析
-ing 说事物「令人怎样」,-ed 说人「感到怎样」,两者成对出现。
interesting 有趣的 / interested 感兴趣的
要点
  1. -ing 形容词说明事物的性质:The film is interesting.(这片子有意思)
  2. -ed 形容词说明人的感受:I am interested in the film.
  3. 常见成对词:boring / bored,exciting / excited,surprising / surprised,tiring / tired,relaxing / relaxed,disappointing / disappointed,frightening / frightened。
  4. 两者都能作定语:an exciting game(一场激动人心的比赛)/ the excited children(兴奋的那些孩子)。
  5. -ing 也能修饰人,说明这个人本身给人的印象:She is a charming girl.(她很有魅力)
  6. 这类 -ed 形容词其实来自过去分词,后面那串介词要连着一起背:interested in、surprised at、tired of、afraid of、proud of、worried about。
  7. -ing 也能表"正在进行",与"令人"那层意思无关:the rising sun(正在升起的太阳)、falling leaves(飘落的叶子)。
  8. 另一组是「进行 / 完成」的对照,不属情感类:boiling water(正开的水)/ boiled water(烧开过的水)、developing countries(发展中的)/ developed countries(发达的)。
例句
The news was surprising and we were all surprised at it.
那消息令人惊讶,我们全都吃了一惊。
I am tired because the work is tiring.
工作很累人,所以我累了。
The children were excited about the exciting football match.
孩子们对那场激动人心的足球赛很兴奋。
He is interested in science and finds physics very interesting.
他对科学有兴趣,觉得物理非常有意思。
The news is encouraging, and we are encouraged by it.
这消息令人鼓舞,我们也都受到了鼓舞。
Please drink the boiled water, not the boiling water.
请喝放凉了的开水,别喝正在滚开的水。
易错提示
  • 说「人感到」用 -ed,说「物令人」用 -ing:I am boring 是「我这人无趣」,不是「我感到无聊」。
  • -ed 形容词后面的介词要一起记:be interested in,be surprised at,be tired of,be afraid of。
  • 别一看到 -ing 就往 -ed 上换:a swimming pool 是"用来游泳的池子"、a sleeping bag 是"睡袋",这里的 -ing 表用途。
  • 判 -ing 还是 -ed 只问一句:主语是「感到」的那个,还是「使人」的那个 —— 前者 -ed,后者 -ing。