虚拟语气：wish / as if
wish 与 as if 后面的从句要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
I wish I were … / He talks as if he knew everything.
要点
- wish 后表示与现在相反，用过去式（be 用 were）。
- wish 后表示与过去相反，用过去完成时。
- wish 后表示将来的愿望，用 would / could + do。
- as if / as though 后的虚拟与 wish 同理。
- as if 后也可以接陈述语气，表示「看起来确实如此」。
- would rather 后的从句同样退格：说现在或将来用过去式，说过去用过去完成时：I'd rather you came tomorrow.
- as if 后可以省略成 as if to do：He opened his mouth as if to speak.
- wish + 名词、wish + to do 不是虚拟：I wish you good luck. / She wished to leave early.
例句
I wish I were taller.
我要是再高一点就好了。
I wish I had studied harder.
我要是当时更用功就好了。
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说起话来好像什么都知道。
She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
她看起来像见了鬼似的。
I would rather you told me the truth.
我宁愿你告诉我实情。
He opened his mouth as if to say something, but he kept silent.
他张开嘴好像要说什么，但还是没出声。
易错提示
- wish 后的从句时态一律「退一格」，里面不会出现 will。
- hope 后面不用虚拟：I hope I will… 而不是 I hope I were…
- as if 从句里的过去式不等于「过去发生」，它表示与现在的事实相反。