全部倒装与部分倒装
为了强调或满足语法要求，把谓语或助动词提到主语前面。
Never have I … / Here comes the bus.
要点
- 部分倒装：把助动词或情态动词提到主语前面。
- 全部倒装：整个谓语提到主语前面，常见于 here / there / out / up 开头的句子。
- 否定词（never、seldom、hardly、not only、no sooner）开头要部分倒装。
- only + 状语放在句首时要部分倒装。
- 主语是代词时不全部倒装：Here it is.（不是 Here is it.）
- hardly … when、no sooner … than、not until 开头都要部分倒装：Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain.
- not only … but also 连接两个句子时，前一句倒装、后一句不倒装。
- there be / there stood / lives a 这类存在句是全部倒装：There stands an old tree in front of the house.
例句
Only then will I have a chance to succeed.
只有那时我才有机会成功。
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
我从未见过这么美的地方。
Here comes the bus.
公交车来了。
Not only did he come, but he also brought a gift.
他不但来了，还带了礼物。
Hardly had I got home when the phone rang.
我刚到家电话就响了。
There stands an old tree in front of the house.
房子前面立着一棵老树。
易错提示
- 主语是代词时不全部倒装：Here it is.（不是 Here is it.）
- 否定词不在句首就不用倒装。
- 倒装只挪助动词或情态动词，实义动词不提前：Never I have seen ❌ → Never have I seen.
- 「Were I you / Had he come」是把 if 从句里的 were、had 提到句首，属于省 if，别和倒装混在一起记。