介词 + 关系代词
关系代词作介词宾语时,介词可以提到关系代词前面。
in which / with whom / of which
要点
- 介词后面只能用 which(指物)或 whom(指人),不能用 that,也不能省略。
- 介词可以放在句末(口语)或关系代词前面(正式文体)。
- 固定搭配的短语动词,介词一般不前移:look for、look after。
- 名词/代词 + of + which/whom 表示部分与整体的关系。
- 介词怎么选:看从句里动词或形容词的固定搭配(pay for、talk with),也看先行词本身的搭配(in the room、at the age)。
- 介词留在句末时,关系代词作宾语可以省(口语);介词一提前就不能省、也不能换成 that。
- 别把 where 与 in which 混着用:先行词在从句里作地点状语才用 where,作主语或宾语仍要用 which / that。
例句
This is the room in which he lives.
这就是他住的房间。
The teacher with whom I talked is my uncle.
和我谈话的那位老师是我叔叔。
He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
他有两个儿子,两个都是医生。
The book for which I paid 50 yuan is missing.
我花五十元买的那本书不见了。
He wrote a novel, most of which sold out in a week.
他写了一部小说,大部分一周之内就卖光了。
The pen with which he signed the contract is on the desk.
他签合同用的那支笔在桌上。
易错提示
- 介词一提前,which 就不能换成 that,也不能省略。
- look for / look after 这类短语动词,介词不要拆开前移。
- 「This is the room we lived」是错的,live 后面要有 in:This is the room (that) we lived in. / the room in which we lived.