让步状语从句
表示「虽然、即使」，由 though / although / even if 引导。
though / although / even though / even if
要点
- although 比 though 正式，though 还可以放在句末。
- 英语里 though / although 不能与 but 连用。
- even if 表示「即使」，含假设；even though 表示「尽管」，说的是事实。
- 让步从句放在主句前面或后面都可以。
- as 也表让步，但要求倒装：形容词 / 名词 / 副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语 —— Poor as he was, he was honest.（＝ Although he was poor）；这一式里的单数名词前面不加 a / an。
- no matter what / who / when 与 whoever / whatever 常可互换 —— 区别在后者还能去领主语或宾语那一格（Whoever comes is welcome.）。
- while 起句也能表让步（尽管），多见于书面：While I admit he is clever, I do not like him. —— 别把这一头的 while 读成"当…时候"。
例句
We put on our coats although the sun was out.
虽然出着太阳，我们还是穿上了外套。
Although he is young, he knows a lot.
虽然他年纪小，但懂得很多。
Even if it rains, we will go.
即使下雨我们也要去。
He still smiled even though he lost.
尽管输了，他仍然笑着。
Hard as he tried, he could not open it.
他怎么使劲也打不开。
No matter how hard it rained, he kept walking.
雨下得再大，他也一直往前走。
易错提示
- 中文说「虽然……但是……」，英语里 although 和 but 只能留一个。
- even if 是假设（还没发生），even though 是事实（已经发生）。
- though 挂在句末时它是副词"不过、可是"，不再领从句：He said he would come, though. —— 位置一挪，词类就变了。
- although / though 后面不许再挂 but，但挂 still / yet 这类副词是可以的：Though he failed, he still tried again. —— but 是连词、still 是副词，一个位置只归一个词类。